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All About Japanese Particles: し (shi)

[Serie: All About Japanese Particles]

1. Indicates (and often emphasizes) the occurrence or existence of two or more actions or states: “and, as well as.”

ハワイは気候はいい、花も美しい、いいところですよ。
Hawai wa kikō wa ii shi, hana mo utsukushii shi, ii tokoro desu yo.
Hawaii is a nice place: the climate is good, and the flowers are beautiful.

新しい課長は頑固だ、仕事もできないですよ。
Atarashii kachō wa ganko da shi, shigoto mo dekinai desu yo.
The new section chief is pigheaded and can’t do the work either.

2. Indicates a reason or reasons for the following conclusion: “and …, so.”

竹村さんは、みんなから信頼されていない、人気のない、グループをまとめるのは無理でしょう。
Takemura-san wa, minna kara shinrai sarete inai shi, ninki no nai shi, gurūpu o matomeru no wa muri deshō.
Takemura is not trusted by anyone and is not popular, so it would be impossible for him to lead the group.

あのレストランは、サービスは無い、料理はまずい、行かない方がいいですよ。
Ano resutoran wa, sābisu wa warui shi, ryōri wa mazui shi, ikanai hō ga ii desu yo.
The service at that restaurant is bad and the food is poor, so you had better not go there.

– Source: All about particles – A handbook of Japanese function words


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